What is ‘array decaying’ in C?

It is sometimes said that arrays in C are basically pointers. This is not true. What is true is that a value of an array type can decay to a value of a pointer type.

Take this:

#include <stdio.h>

void takes_arr_pointer_1(int* arr) {
  printf("in takes_arr_pointer_1, sizeof(arr) = %d\n", sizeof(arr));
}

void takes_arr_pointer_2(int arr[]) {
  printf("in takes_arr_pointer_2, sizeof(arr) = %d\n", sizeof(arr));
}

int main() {
  int arr[100];
  printf("in main, sizeof(arr) = %d\n", sizeof(arr));
  takes_arr_pointer_1(arr);
  takes_arr_pointer_2(arr);
  return 0;
}

This prints:

% ./a.out
in main, sizeof(arr) = 400
in takes_arr_pointer_1, sizeof(arr) = 8
in takes_arr_pointer_2, sizeof(arr) = 8

In the context of main, the arr variable is an array of 100 ints. On my machine, sizeof(int) = 4, so sizeof(arr) = 400.

In the context of both other functions, the arr variable is a pointer to an int. Thus, sizeof(arr) is the size of a pointer, which on my machine is 8 bytes.

We were able to pass the int arr[100] to both functions, even though they accept pointers. The conversion of arr from an array type to a pointer type is known as array decaying, i.e. the array has “decayed” to a pointer.

The two parameter definitions int* arr and int arr[] are actually the same. Perhaps this is where the confusion comes from.

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